Soo saaraha Tubbada PTFE ee ugu Fiican, Warshada, Iibiyaha Shiinaha
Besteflon Industrial Co., Ltd waxaa la aasaasay 2005, waa mid ka mid ah hormoodka ah PTFE Tube saarayaasha, warshadaha & alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ee Shiinaha, aqbala OEM, ODM, SKD amarada.Waxaan leenahay khibrado qani ah oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka & horumarinta cilmi baarista ee noocyada kala duwan ee tuubooyinka PTFE.Waxaan diirada saareynaa tignoolajiyada horumarsan, tallaabo wax soo saar adag, iyo nidaam QC ah oo qumman.
Shahaadooyinka: ISO9001:2015 │ Dardaaranka RoHS (EU) 2015/863 │ US FDA 21 CFR 177.1550 │ EU GHS SDS
PTFE Tube
Polytetrafluoroethylene, loo soo gaabiyoPTFE, caadi ahaan loo yaqaan "Boqorka caaga ah", waa polymer molecular sare ah oo loo diyaariyey by polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene sida monomer ah. Waxy cad, translucent, kulayl aad u fiican iyo iska caabin qabow, waxaa la isticmaali karaa muddo dheer at -65ºC~260ºC.
Tuubooyinka PTFEwaxay ka samaysan yihiin 100% bikrad PTFE resin oo aan lahayn midab ama wax lagu daro, waxay leedahay sifooyin caabbinta aashitada, alkali, iyo dareerayaasha organic kala duwan, waxayna ku dhow yihiin kuwo aan milmi karin dhammaan dareerayaasha.Tuubbadan u adkaysata daxalka kiimikadu waxay ku habboon tahay warshadaha, farsamaynta kiimikaad, shaybaadhka guud, baabuurta, hawada hawada, adeegyada cuntada, iyo codsiyada dareeraha kale.
Alaabtaada PTFE Tube
Qaabka Tubooyinka PTFE
Marka loo eego codsiyada kala duwan, waxaanu leenahay qaabab kala duwan oo tubooyinka PTFE ah:
Tuubbada PTFE ee jilicsan
PTFE tubbada dalool simanwaa tuubo qaabeysan oo siman oo ay soo saartay heerkul sare.Waxay ku habboon tahay codsiyada meelaha foorarsiga shuruudaha radius aysan muhiim ahayn.
Tuubbadan toosan waa naqshadda aasaasiga ah ee ugu aasaasiga ah, oogadaheeda simanna waxay leedahay isugeyn aad u hooseeya oo iskuxiran, taasoo bixisa qulqulka qulqulka sare iyo qulqulka, sidaas darteed hoos u dhigista habka wasakheynta.Tuubbada PTFE waa u adkaysi heerkul sarreeya iyo cadaadis sare, waxay ku shaqayn kartaa jawi heerkul sarreeya.Intaa waxaa dheer, maaddadu waxay leedahay dabacsanaan, caabbinta kiimikada, dabci la'aanta iyo caabbinta kulaylka.Waxa kale oo ay leedahay awood dielectric sare ah oo aan firfircoonayn inta badan kiimikooyinka iyo dareerayaasha.
PTFE tube Corrugated
PTFE tube jiingadowaxa uu leeyahay dabacsanaan aad u fiican iyo iska caabin kink ah ee codsiyada halka ay u baahan yihiin radius qalloocan oo adag, gacan-siinta cadaadiska oo kordhay ama awoodda ka-hortagga-baxa.Tuubooyinka isku dhafka ah waxaa laga heli karaa olol, geeso, katiinado, ama isku darka xal tuubo badan oo la hagaajiyay.Dhammaan tuubooyinka waxaa lagu heli karaa nooca kaarboonka.
PTFE Tuubbo siman oo siman
PTFE tuubbo siman oo siman oo isku xidhanWay ka duwan tahay alaabada kale ee tuubada PTFE ee hadda la heli karo, tuubada dahaadhka ah ee gudaha waa siman tahay, laakiin waxay ku taal bannaanka.Sidaa darteed, waxay la kulmi kartaa dhibaatada dhaqdhaqaaqa sare laakiin ma aha xannibaad, waxayna sidoo kale xallin kartaa shuruudaha adag ee leexinta radius.Waa naqshad si loo siiyo macmiilka doorashada ugu fiican labadaba.
PTFE Capillary Tube
Tuubooyinka PTFE AWG (qiyaasta Ameerika) waxay bixiyaan adeegga ugu dambeeya ee sifaynta, iska caabbinta heerkulka sare (iska caabinta alxanka), caabbinta kiimikada, laqabsiga noole, caabbinta xidhashada, iyo dulqaadka saxda ah ee extrusion.Waa tubbada PTFE ee yar-yar oo dabacsan oo furfuran, Xajmiyadan yar-yar ee jilicsan ee PTFE waxaa badanaa lagu iibiyaa 100 m, 153m, 250m, iyo 305m duubkiiba.Dhumucdiisuna waxay ka yar tahay 0.5 mm, dhexroorkiisuna waa ka yar yahay 10 mm, kaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo daawaynta, dahaarka korontada, iyo codsiyada kale.
Alaabooyinka la xidhiidha
FEP Tube
tuubada FEP (Vinyl fluoride) waa tuubo caag ah oo fluoride ah oo aad u hufan oo ka hufan PTFE, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyada la socodka muraayadaha muuqaalka / socodka.Waa ikhtiyaarka dhaqaale ee codsiyada u baahan iska caabbinta kiimikada iyo kulaylka xiriirka ballaaran.
Tuubada FEP waxa ay leedahay wax yar oo ka sarreeya isugeynta iskuxiran, heerkulka hooseeya ee isticmaalka joogtada ah iyo, inkasta oo ilaa 200 darajo, uu leeyahay sifooyin kiimiko iyo dielectric la mid ah kuwa FEP.Intaa waxaa dheer, tuubada saliidda ee FEP waxay sidoo kale leedahay gaas wanaagsan iyo waxqabadka uumiga gelitaanka iyo qiimeynta gudbinta UV ee heer sare ah.
Tuubooyinka PFA
PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) tuubowaa tuubo fluoropolymer, helitaankeeduna waxa uu isku daraa faa'iidooyinka PTFE iyo FEP.Badeecadaha loo isticmaalo xabagta PFA waxay leedahay isla heerkulka isticmaalka ugu badan iyo kiimikaad la'aanta kiimikaad sida PTF, markaa waxqabadkeeda iyo isticmaalka heerkulka iyo walxaha PTFE asal ahaan waa isku mid.
Intaa waxaa dheer, PFA waxay leedahay cadaadis shaqo oo sarreeya.Laakiin si ka duwan FEP, kimistariga PFA ayaa ka dhigaya mid aad u hooseeya, sidaas awgeed codsiyada ballaaran iyo kuwa kala duwan ee warshado badan sida dawooyinka, muunada shaybaadhka iyo semiconductor.
Miyaadan helin waxaad raadinayso?
Kaliya noo sheeg shuruudahaaga faahfaahsan.Bixinta ugu fiican ayaa la bixin doonaa.
Cabbirrada cabbirka Tuubooyinka Jilicsan
Maya | Tilmaamid | Dhexroorka dibadda | Dhexroorka gudaha | Dhumucda gidaarka Tube | Cadaadiska shaqada | Cadaadiska dilaaca | |||||
mm | (inji) | mm | (inji) | mm | (inji) | (psi) | (baar) | (psi) | (baar) | ||
1 | 1/8"*1/16" | 3.17 | 0.125 | 1.58 | 0.062 | 0.8 | 0.031 | 218 | 15.0 | 725 | 50 |
2 | 3/16"*1/8" | 4.76 | 0.187 | 3.17 | 0.125 | 0.8 | 0.031 | 174 | 12.0 | 638 | 40 |
3 | 1/4"*3/16" | 6.35 | 0.250 | 4.76 | 0.187 | 0.8 | 0.031 | 131 | 9.0 | 464 | 32 |
4 | 5/16 "* 1/4" | 7.93 | 0.312 | 6.35 | 0.250 | 0.8 | 0.031 | 102 | 7.0 | 363 | 25 |
5 | 3/8"*1/4" | 9.52 | 0.357 | 6.35 | 0.250 | 1.5 | 0.059 | 174 | 12.0 | 638 | 44 |
6 | 3/8"*5/16" | 9.52 | 0.357 | 7.93 | 0.312 | 0.8 | 0.031 | 87 | 6.0 | 319 | 22 |
7 | 1/2"*3/8" | 12.7 | 0.500 | 9.6 | 0.378 | 1.5 | 0.059 | 131 | 9.0 | 464 | 32 |
8 | 5/8"*1/2" | 15.87 | 0.625 | 12.7 | 0.500 | 1.5 | 0.059 | 102 | 7.0 | 363 | 25 |
9 | 3/4"*5/8" | 19.05 | 0.750 | 15.87 | 0.625 | 1.5 | 0.059 | 87 | 6.0 | 319 | 22 |
* La kulan heerka SAE 100R14
* Alaabooyinka gaarka ah ee macaamiisha ayaa laga yaabaa in nagala hadlo si faahfaahsan.
Cabirrada Imperial ee Tuubooyinka Wanaagsan
Maya | Tilmaamid | Dhexroorka dibadda | Dhexroorka gudaha | Dhumucda gidaarka Tube | Cadaadiska shaqada | Cadaadiska dilaaca | |||||
mm | (inji) | mm | (inji) | mm | (inji) | (psi) | (baar) | (psi) | (baar) | ||
1 | 2*4 | 4 | 0157 | 2 | 0.079 | 1 | 0.039 | 148 | 10.2 | 444 | 30.6 |
2 | 3*5 | 5 | 0.197 | 3 | 0.118 | 1 | 0.039 | 148 | 10.2 | 444 | 30.6 |
3 | 4*6 | 6 | 0.236 | 4 | 0.157 | 1 | 0.039 | 148 | 10.2 | 444 | 30.6 |
4 | 5*7 | 7 | 0.276 | 5 | 0.197 | 1 | 0.039 | 148 | 10.2 | 444 | 30.6 |
5 | 6*8 | 8 | 0.315 | 6 | 0.236 | 1 | 0.039 | 148 | 10.2 | 444 | 30.6 |
6 | 8*10 | 10 | 0.394 | 8 | 0.315 | 1 | 0.039 | 148 | 10.2 | 444 | 30.6 |
7 | 10*12 | 12 | 0.472 | 10 | 0.394 | 1 | 0.039 | 118 | 8.16 | 370 | 25.5 |
8 | 12*14 | 14 | 0.551 | 12 | 0.472 | 1 | 0.039 | 118 | 8.16 | 370 | 25.5 |
9 | 14*16 | 16 | 0.630 | 14 | 0.551 | 1 | 0.039 | 118 | 8.16 | 370 | 25.5 |
10 | 16*18 | 18 | 0.709 | 16 | 0.630 | 1 | 0.039 | 118 | 8.16 | 370 | 25.5 |
11 | 20*24 | 24 | 0.945 | 20 | 0.787 | 2 | 0.079 | 74 | 5.1 | 296 | 20.4 |
12 | 50*54 | 54 | 2.126 | 50 | 1.969 | 2 | 0.079 | 74 | 5.1 | 296 | 20.4 |
Cabirrada PTFE ee isku dhafan
Maya | Tilmaamid | Dhexroorka dibadda | Dhexroorka gudaha | Cadaadiska shaqada | Cadaadiska dilaaca | Laab laabashada ugu yar | |||||
(inji) | (mm±0.2) | (inji) | (mm±0.1) | (psi) | (baar) | (psi) | (baar) | (inji) | (mm) | ||
1 | 1/4" | 0.415 | 9.5 | 0.256 | 6.5 | 60 | 4 | 210 | 14.0 | 0.787 | 20 |
2 | 5/16" | 0.484 | 12.3 | 0.315 | 8.0 | 60 | 4 | 210 | 14.0 | 0.866 | 22 |
3 | 3/8" | 0.589 | 14.2 | 0.394 | 10.0 | 60 | 4 | 210 | 14.0 | 1.024 | 26 |
4 | 1/2" | 0.705 | 17.2 | 0.512 | 13.0 | 60 | 4 | 210 | 14.0 | 1.024 | 26 |
5 | 5/8" | 0.860 | 21.9 | 0.630 | 16.0 | 45 | 3 | 180 | 12.0 | 1.260 | 32 |
6 | 3/4" | 1.039 | 25.3 | 0.748 | 19.0 | 45 | 3 | 180 | 12.0 | 2.165 | 55 |
7 | 1 | 1.378 | 31.0 | 0.984 | 25.0 | 45 | 3 | 150 | 10.0 | 3.150 | 80 |
8 | 1-1/2" | 1.772 | 45.0 | 1.496 | 38.0 | 38 | 3 | 135 | 9.0 | 3.937 | 100 |
9 | 2" | 2.343 | 59.5 | 1.969 | 50.0 | 30 | 2 | 120 | 8.0 | 4.921 | 125 |
* La kulan heerka SAE 100R14
* Alaabooyinka gaarka ah ee macaamiisha ayaa laga yaabaa in nagala hadlo si faahfaahsan.
Ma haysaa shuruud gaar ah?
Guud ahaan, waxaanu haynaa alaabada PTFE TUBE ee caadiga ah iyo alaabta ceeriin ee kaydka ah.Baahidaada gaarka ah, waxaanu ku siinaynaa adeegayada habaynta.Waxaan aqbalnaa OEM/ODM.Waxaan ku daabacan karnaa Logo ama magacaaga astaanta tuubada jirka.Si loo helo xigasho sax ah, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad noo sheegto macluumaadka soo socda:
Habka wax soo saarka
Walxaha ceeriin
Saldhigga Caaryada
Soo saarid
Baakadeysan
PTFE Tube
Tuubooyinka Jiingadaha Dabacsan ee Ptfe
Codsiyada loogu talagalay PTFE Tube
Tuubbada PTFE waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah daabace kasta oo 3D ah, ama ha ahaato marin-biyoodka nidaamka wadista tooska ah ama sida Bowden ee dariiqa filka laftiisa.Khilaaf hoose iyo dulqaad adag ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah waxqabadka joogtada ah oo la isku halleyn karo, siinta daabacaad weyn iyo dhejinta fiilooyinka fudud.Waxaan leenahay tubbada PTFE taas loo sameeyay.
Cabbirrada ku habboon daabacaha 3D: 2x4mm, 4x6mm
Midabada la heli karo: cad, buluug, casaan, cagaar, madow, iwm.
Tuubada PTFE sidoo kale waxaa badanaa laga helaa mashiinnada kafeega, sida caadiga ah waxaa loo isticmaali lahaa in lagu qaado biyaha cadaadiska waxayna isticmaali doontaa xiriiriyeyaasha ku habboon dhammaadka kasta, sida buunshaha naxaasta ah.Dhererku aad buu muhiim u yahay marka loo isticmaalo mashiinka qaxwada.Haddii ay gaaban tahay ama ka dheer tahay, waxay ku qasmi doontaa isdhexgalka HX waxayna bedeli doontaa heerka soo kabashada iyo xasilloonida nidaamka sarrifka kulaylka.
Cabbirrada ku habboon mashiinka qaxwada: 1/8''x1/4'', 2.5x4mm, 3x5mm, 4x6mm, 6x8mm iyo iwm.
Tuubbada jiingadaha ee PTFE waxay leedahay iska caabin heerkul sare leh, iska caabin daxalka, caabbinta gabowga, iyo dabacsanaanta wanaagsan, taas oo ka dhigaysa doorasho weyn sida khadadka qaboojinta dareeraha ee qaybo badan oo elektiroonig ah, oo inta badan laga helo xarunta xogta, kombiyuutarada warshadaha.
FEP waxay ku ilaalisaa xoogeeda iyo faa'iidooyinkeeda heerkul iyo xaalado kala duwan.Tuubooyinka FEP waxaa loogu talagalay iska caabin kiimikaad oo la xoojiyey oo leh gaas horumarsan iyo sifooyinka uumiga iyo qiimaynta gudbinta UV aad u wanaagsan.Tuubooyinka FEP waxa kale oo ay sii kordhiyeen caddaymo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan PTFE oo leh isugeyn sare oo isjiidjiid ah, crystallinity, hufnaan iyo la'aanta microporosity, taas oo ka dhigtay doorashada ku habboon warshadaha pneumatic si ay u gudbiyaan gaasaska iyada oo aan la daadin.
Warshadaha dawooyinka, shirkaduhu waa inay ku tiirsanaadaan tuubooyinka si ay u ilaaliyaan nadiifnimada walxaha.Tusaale ahaan, biyaha aadka u saafiga ah ee lagu dhex qaado tuubooyinka xabagta waa in ay awoodaan in ay ilaaliyaan nadiifnimada kiimikaad inta hawsha lagu gudo jiro;Dareen la'aanta PFA ee kiimikooyinka, oo ay ku jiraan wasakhooyinka kale ee khatarta ah ee laga heli karo shaybaarada, sida sulfuric acid, ayaa ka dhigaysa doorasho heer sare ah oo tayo sare leh.Shirkadaha dawooyinka ee u baahan isticmaalka joogtada ah ee walxaha aadka u wasakhaysan sida nitric ama phosphoric acid, tubbada PFA waxay si fudud ugu adkaysan doontaa hantideeda kale ee wax dumisa.
Qalabyada loogu talagalay PTFE Tube
Faa'iidooyinka: Isku xirka gacanta degdega ah iyo goynta, qalab looma baahna, ma lumay socodka socodka, socodka wuxuu ku xiran yahay dhexroorka gudaha ee tuubada.
Khasaaraha: cadaadiska hooseeya, cadaadiska shaqada 0-10 bar.
Faa'iidooyinka: Isku xidhka degdega ah oo gooya, waxay u baahan tahay beddelka qalabka.Qaab dhismeedka fudud, shaabad la'aan, xiriir fudud.Cadaadiska iyo heerkulka waxay ku xiran yihiin sifooyinka tuubada.
Khasaaro: Kaliya waxay ku habboon yihiin tuubooyinka jilicsan sida Nylon, PU ama PTFE.
Qalabka isku xidhka ahi waxa uu ka kooban yahay jidhka waalka, lowska, feerada hore iyo feerada danbe.
Faa'iidooyinka: Cadaadis sare, shaabad la'aan.
Khasaaraha: Kaliya ku habboon tuubooyinka adag, sida tuubooyinka naxaasta, tuubooyinka birta ah, tuubooyinka aluminiumka, iwm. Marka la isticmaalayo tuubooyinka PTFE ama tuubooyinka naylon, tuubooyinka naxaasta gudaha waa in la isticmaalaa.
PTFE Tube: Tilmaamaha ugu dambeeya
Tuubooyinka PTFEwaa tuubo u adkaysata daxalka oo loo isticmaalo codsiyada warshadaha badan.Tuubooyinka PTFE waa mid ka mid ah walxaha kaliya ee u adkeysan doona noocyada aashitada qaarkood.Tuubooyinka waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa shaqada xaalado badan.Tuubooyinka PTFE waa khilaaf aad u hooseeya waxayna kaa caawin kartaa hagaajinta socodka.Mararka qaarkood tuubooyinka PTFE ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa codsiyada adeegga cuntada.
Waa maxay PTFE?
PTFE waa soo gaabinta polytetrafluoroethylene, polymer synthetic oo ka kooban 2 walxood oo aasaasi ah oo kala ah kaarboon iyo fluorine.
Qalabka PTFE Tube
Iska caabin kiimiko oo sarreeya
Si gaar ah aan firfircoonayn
U adkaysta heerkulka ilaa 240 ° C
Awood sare oo koronto
Faa'iidooyinka PTFE Tube
Ku habboon qaadista dareeraha aadka u daxaloobay/kacsada
Faa'iido weyn u leh codsiyada caafimaadka
Wax ku ool u ah codsiyada kulaylka sarreeya
Dhexdhexaadinta fiilooyinka iyo korantada culus
Ptfe Bowden Tube Max Temp
Tuubooyinka isku xirka Teflon waxay u adkeysan karaan heerkulka ugu hooseeya ilaa -180C ilaailaa 260C, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon sida qaybo ka mid ah madbacadaha 3D.
Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee Ptfe Tube
Tuubooyinka PTFE waa kuwo kiimiko ahaan u adkaysta, waxay leeyihiin is-burbur hoose, iyo heerkul ballaadhan oo u dhexeeya 500°F (260°C) ilaa-454°F (-270°C).
Heerkulka Dhuumaha ee Ptfe
Dabacsanaanteeda sare awgeed, PTFE waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa qalabyada microfluidic ee codsiyada cadaadiska hooseeya.Meeshii dhalaalkeedu waa la gaadhayheerkulkiisu yahay 327°C, taas oo ka dhigaysa shay door ah oo ku saabsan codsiyada heerkulka sare.
Ptfe/fep Tube Heer kulka oo yaraada
qiyaastii 330 °C
Inta lagu jiro habka hoos u dhaca, lakabka PTFE ee dibedda wuxuu hoos u dhacayaa heerkul ah 330 ° C
Sida Ptfe Tube Looga Saaro Extruder
Si aad tuubbada PTFE ka saarto dabakhiyahaaga, waa in aadniyad jab isku-xidhaha balaastiigga ah ee wareegtada ah si aad u sii deyso ilkaha ku haya tuubada meesha, ka dibna soo saar tuubada PTFE.Haddii aadan ka soo bixin karin, ka fur dhammaan qalabka ku habboon dabaylaha, ka dibna cadaadis badan saar lammaanaha adiga oo isticmaalaya qalabka oo ka saar tuubada.
Intee in le'eg yahay Ptfe Tube Cunaha
5mm u jirta dhamaadka.tani waxay xidhi doontaa xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya sanka iyo dhuunta.
Waa maxay Ptfe Tube loogu talagalay daabacaha 3d?
PTFE waa qayb aad u caan ah oo loo isticmaalo daabacadaha 3D-ku-saleysan ee filament-ka.Waamaaddada cad ee loo isticmaalo tuubooyinka hagaya fiilaha dhinaca daba-dheeraha iyo dhammaadka kulul.Madbacadaha 3D-style-ka Bowden waxay u baahan yihiin isticmaalka tuubooyinka PTFE si loo hubiyo in fidiyaha uu u riixi karo fiilada si sax ah, laakiin kuwa tooska ah uma baahna tuubooyinkaas.
Sida Loo Nadiifiyo Tuubbada Ptfe ee Xiran ee Daabacaha 3d?
Mararka qaarkood, fiilada ayaa si dhab ah ugu dheggan tuubada PTFE oo aan gacanta lagu saari karin.Hadday sidaas tahay,ku karkarinta tuubada biyaha ayaa ku caawin karta.Tani waxay jilcisaa fiilada gudaha ka dibna waad ka saari kartaa.PTFE wax dhib ah kuma soo gaadho biyaha karkaraya, maadaama ay u adkaysato heerkul sare.
Goorma La Beddelayaa Ptfe Tube?
Waxaan aaminsanahay in waqtiga lagu taliyey ee isbeddelka sanka uu yahayqiyaastii nus sano.Laakin waxay kuxirantahay fiilaha iyo inta jeer ee aad daabacdo.
Isbarbardhigga Tubooyinka PTFE ee leh FEP iyo Tubooyinka PFA
Waxyaalo la mid ah:
Wax qabad isku mid ah, iska caabin cimilo oo aad u wanaagsan, iska caabbinta daxalka, iska caabinta heerkulka sare iyo hoose.
Kala duwanaanshaha:
FEP&PFA
Qiimaha qaaliga ah
Habka wax soo saarka adag
Midabka dabiiciga ahi waa mid hufan
Waa la dhalaali karaa alxanka, dhererka tuubada aan xadidnayn
PTFE
Qiimaha hoose, midabada dabiiciga ah caano cad ama translucent.
Way adag tahay alxanka, dhererka tubbada waa xaddidan yahay
Goobta codsigu waa ka ballaaran tahay.
PTFE Tube Corrugated VS tube caag ah
Marka la barbardhigo tuubooyinka caagga ah ee loo isticmaalo kombuyuutarrada gaarka ah ee qoyska caadiga ah, PTFE tuubooyinka qaboojinta jilicsan ayaa ah xulashada ugu fiican ee khadadka qaboojinta asliquid ee loo isticmaalo kombuyuutarrada warshadaha ama xarumaha xogta, sababtoo ah PTFE waxay leedahay iska caabin heerkul sarreeya oo ka fiican, caabbinta daxalka iyo waxqabadka gabowga marka loo eego caagga.