I-Polytetrafluoroethylene, okanye i-PTFE, yinto eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa phantse kuwo onke amashishini amakhulu.Le fluoropolymer ilubricious kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa kaninzi ichukumisa wonke umntu ukusuka kwi-aerospace kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto (njengesigqubuthelo sokhuselo kwikhebhili) ukuya kugcino lwesixhobo somculo (ifumaneka kwivalve yeoli yobhedu kunye nezixhobo zomoya zomthi ukuze zisetyenziswe kwiindawo zazo ezihambayo).Mhlawumbi usetyenziso lwayo oludumileyo lusetyenziswa njengendawo enganamatheli kwiimbiza neepani.I-PTFE inokubunjwa ibe ngamalungu abunjiweyo;isetyenziswe njengamalungu emibhobho ebhetyebhetye, imizimba yevalvu, izithinteli zombane, iibheringi kunye neegiya;kwaye ikhutshwe njengetyhubhu.
Ukuxhathisa okugqithisileyo kweekhemikhali kunye nokungangeni kweekhemikhali, kunye neempawu ezikhaphukhaphu kodwa ezomeleleyo ze-PTFE, ziyenza ibe luncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni nasekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo zonyango.Ngenxa ye-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokukhuhlane (eyindlela yezibalo yokuthetha ukuba umphezulu umtyibilizi ngokumangalisayo),Ityhubhu ye-PTFEingasetyenziselwa ukudlulisa iikhemikhali ezinzima okanye izixhobo zonyango ezifuna ukugcinwa ukucoceka kwaye zidinga ukudlula okukhuselekileyo emzimbeni ngexesha lotyando.Ityhubhu ye-PTFE iyathanjiswa, yomelele kwaye ibhityile kangangokuba igqibelele kwisazisi secatheter ekhokelayo (ngaphakathi kwedayamitha) apho izixhobo ezinjengezitenti, iibhaluni, i-atherectomy, okanye izixhobo ze-angioplasty kufuneka zityibilike ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle koloyiko lokurhweba okanye uthintelo.Ngenxa yokuba akukho nto ibambelela kule nto, inokuphazamisana nokukwazi kweebhaktheriya kunye nezinye ii-arhente ezosulelayo ukuba zibambelele kwi-tubing kwaye zibangele izifo ezifunyenwe esibhedlele.
Zonke ezi mpawu zingakholelekiyo ze-PTFE zithetha ukuba isoloko ibotshelelwa kwenye into.Ukuba isetyenziswa njengento yokugquma, njenge-gasket yokutywina, okanye njenge-tubing ngeebhatyi ze-Pebax kunye ne-plastic connective ferrules, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufuneka ibambelele kwenye into.Usenokuba uyiqaphele into esele siyithethile: akukho nto inamathela kwi-PTFE.Iipropati ezenza esi sixhobo sibe nomtsalane kwiinkampani zezixhobo zonyango zikwathanda ukudala imingeni yokuvelisa ngexesha lophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso.Ukufumana iicoatings, elastomers, kunye namanye amalungu esixhobo ukubambelela kwi-PTFE kulucelomngeni olumangalisayo kwaye kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo.
Ke, abavelisi bayenza njani le nto isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, nengabotshelelwanga ibe yintambo?Kwaye bayazi njani ukuba iphathwe okanye ilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ikulungele ngokwenene ukubopha okanye ukunxiba?
Ukubaluleka kwe-PTFE ye-Chemical Etching
Ukucacisa ukuba kutheni i-chemical etching ifuneka, kuyafuneka ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ebangela ukunqongophala kwe-PTFE kobondability.I-PTFE yenziwe ngamabhondi ekhemikhali azinzileyo kakhulu, enza kube nzima ukuba adibanise nantoni na eyenye, nokuba ngokufutshane.
Ekubeni i-PTFE i-inert ye-chemically inert, oku kuthetha ukuba umphezulu awusebenzi kunye naziphi na iimolekyuli zekhemikhali ezidibana nazo, nokuba ezo zisemoyeni okanye eziphezu kwezinye izinto, umphezulu wayo kufuneka uguqulwe ngokwekhemikhali ukuze unamathele kwi-cabling, isinyithi, okanye iityhubhu efakwa kuyo.
Yonke i-adhesion yinkqubo yeekhemikhali apho i-1-5 i-molecular layers ye-surface idibanisa kunye neekhemikhali ezikhoyo kwi-1-5 ye-molecular layers kuyo nayiphi na indawo esetyenziswa kuyo.Ngoko ke, umphezulu we-PTFE kufuneka wenziwe ngokwekhemikhali esebenzayo ngokuchasene ne-inert yekhemikhali ukuze idibanise ngempumelelo.Kwi-Materials Science, umphezulu osebenza kakhulu kwaye olangazelela ukuhlangana nezinye iimolekyuli ubizwa ngokuba "ngumphezulu wamandla aphezulu."Ngoko ke i-PTFE kufuneka ithathwe kwindawo "yamandla aphantsi", okuyimeko yayo esisiseko, ukuya "kumandla aphezulu," umgangatho obolekayo.
Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza oku, kubandakanywa nonyango lwe-vacuum plasma, kwaye kukho abanye abathi banokufikelela kwindawo ebondable kwi-PTFE ngokwenza isanti, ukukrazula, okanye ukusebenzisa iiprimers ezazenzelwe iPVC okanye iipololefins.Nangona kunjalo, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo nengqinwa ngokwenzululwazi yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-chemical etching.
I-Etching iphula ezinye zeebhondi ze-carbon-fluorine ze-PTFE (ezenza zonke i-fluoropolymers), ngokwenene, ukutshintsha iimpawu zemichiza yendawo echongiweyo, ukuyithatha ukusuka kwindawo engasebenziyo ukuya kuleyo esebenzayo kwaye ikwazi ukusebenzisana ngemichiza nezinye izinto. .Umphezulu owenziweyo awuthambisi kangako kodwa ngoku ungaphezulu onokuncamatheliswa, ukubunjwa, okanye ukudityaniswa kwezinye izinto, kunye nokuwuvumela ukuba uprinte okanye ukrolwe kuwo.
I-Etching yenziwa ngokubeka i-PTFE kwisisombululo sesodium, njenge-Tetra Etch esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Ukusabela kweekhemikhali okubangelwa kumphezulu kususa iimolekyuli ze-fluorine kwi-carbon-fluorine backbone ye-fluoropolymer ishiya ii-athomu zekhabhoni ezinqongopheleyo kwii-electron.Umphezulu osandula ukukrolwa unamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye xa usesichengeni somoya, iimolekyuli zeoksijini, umphunga wamanzi, kunye nehydrogen zivumelekile ukuba zibhabhe ukuze zithathe indawo yeemolekyuli zefluorine, zivumela ukubuyiselwa kwee-electron.Le nkqubo yokubuyisela iphumela kwifilimu esebenzayo yeemolekyuli phezu komhlaba eyenza ukunamathela.
Enye yezinto ezintle malunga nokuchongwa kweekhemikhali kukuba iyakwazi ukutshintsha nje iileya ezimbalwa eziphezulu zemolekyuli kwaye ishiye yonke i-PTFE icocekile nazo zonke iipropati zayo ezizodwa.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kweNkqubo ye-Chemical Etch.
Iipropathi ezingundoqo ze-PTFE zihlala zifana njengoko ukufakwa kweekhemikhali kuchaphazela kuphela iileya zemolekyuli eziphezulu ezimbalwa eziphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho i-brown okanye i-tan tinting kwi-tubing.Ukwahluka kombala akubonakali ngathi kunxibelelene nendlela umphezulu obonda ngayo, ke sukusebenzisa olu tshintsho lokutshintsha kombala njengophawu lokwenyani lwendlela i-PTFE eyabhalwa ngayo.
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokwazi ukuba i-etching yakho idale uhlobo lomphezulu osemva kwakho kukusebenzisa indlela esetyenziswa ngabo bonke oochwephesha abachwepheshile: imilinganiselo yokudibana kwamanzi.Obu buchule benziwa ngokufaka ithontsi lamanzi acocwe kakhulu kwi-PTFE kunye nokulinganisa ukuba elo thontsi liziphatha njani.Ithontsi elincinane linokuba liliso phezulu kuba litsaleleke kulo ngakumbi kune-PTFE, okanye liya “kumanzisa” kwaye libe mcaba kumphezulu ngenxa yokuba litsaleleke kakhulu kwi-PTFE.Ngokuqhelekileyo, impumelelo ye-etch yekhemikhali - isezantsi i-engile yoqhagamshelwano (, i-flatter drop) iya kuba.Oku kudla ngokubhekiselwa kuko njengokuvavanya "ukumanzisa" komphezulu kuba, ngokuyinyani, ukuba umphezulu uhlonyelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukuhla kwamanzi kusasazeka, ngaphezulu komphezulu uba manzi.
Umfanekisongaphezuluibonisa imbonakalo ephezulu-phantsi yethontsi lamanzi (ngaphakathi kweringi encinci emthubi kunye neblue) kwi-PTFE tubing ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe.Njengoko ubona, umgca wokuhla wenza i-angle ye-95-degree kunye nomphezulu we ityhubhu.
Umfanekiso ongentla ubonisa ukuhla kwamanzi afanayo afakwe kwi-PTFE ityhubhu emva kokufakwa.Unokuxelela ukuba ithontsi lisasazeke ngakumbi kumphezulu wetyhubhu kuba umsesane otyheli noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka mkhulu.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-drop edge idala i-angle yokudibanisa ephantsi kunye nomphezulu we-tubing.Kwaye xa ulinganisa i-engile ngesixhobo soMhlalutyi weSurface, apho yomibini le mifanekiso ithathwe kuyo, siyabona ukuba, ewe, i-engile yi-38 degrees.Ukuba oko kuhlangabezana neemfuno zethu zangaphambili zenani ekufuneka silibethe ukuze siqinisekise ukuba le ityhubhu iyaboleka, ngoko siye saqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu uxhonywe ngokwaneleyo.
Olona vavanyo lusebenzayo lovavanyo lwe-engile yoqhagamshelwano lwamanzi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana neNzululwazi yoMphezulu ukuze uqonde ukuba loluphi udidi lwe-engile olufanelekileyo ukufikelela emva kwe-etch yakho.Oku kukuvumela ukuba wakhe inkqubo yokudibanisa eqikelelwayo esekelwe kwinkcazo enokulinganiswa.Kuba ukuba uyazi ukuba kufuneka udale umphezulu kunye ne-angle ethile yoqhagamshelwano, ngoko uyazi ukuba xa usenza, ukunamathela kwakho kuya kuba yimpumelelo.
Ukongeza, ukuqinisekisa inkqubo esebenzayo etching, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe umlinganiselo wokudibana kwamanzi phambi kokuba ugcino lwenzeke.Ukufumana uvavanyo olusisiseko lokucoceka kukuvumela ukuba wazi kakuhle ukuba iiparamitha ze-etch kufuneka zibe yintoni ukuze ufikelele kwiimfuno zakho zoqhagamshelwano.
Ukugcina i-Etch yakho
Ugcino olululo lwe-PTFE lubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuncamathela eyimpumelelo.Ukugcinwa kunye noluhlu lwempahla yiNdawo yoLawulo oluPhakamileyo (CCP).Ezi CCP zikhona naphi na kwinkqubo yonke apho umphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo unethuba lokutshintsha, okulungileyo okanye ukugula, kwaye mhlawumbi ngokungeyonjongo.I-CCP yokugcina ibalulekile kwi-PTFE egxininisiweyo kuba indawo esandula ukucocwa ngokwekhemikhali iyasebenza kangangokuba nantoni na edibana nayo inokutshintsha kwaye ithobe umsebenzi wakho.
Olona qheliselo lulungileyo lokugcina i-PTFE post-etch kukusebenzisa ipakethe yokuqala efike kuyo ukuba iyavaleka.Ukuba oko akufumaneki, ke iingxowa ze-UV-blocking ziyindlela efanelekileyo.Gcina i-PTFE kude nomoya kunye nokufuma kangangoko, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukuyidibanisa, qiniseka ukuba uthatha umlinganiselo we-angle yoqhagamshelwano ukuqinisekisa ukuba igcine ukukwazi kwayo ukubopha.
I-PTFE yimathiriyeli engaqhelekanga enezicelo ezininzi, kodwa ukufumana okuninzi kuyo, kufuneka ifakwe ngokwekhemikhali kwaye idityaniswe kwiimeko ezininzi.Ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kwenziwa ngokwaneleyo, uvavanyo olunovakalelo kutshintsho lweekhemikhali kumphezulu kufuneka lusetyenziswe.Iqabane kunye nengcali yezixhobo eyiqondayo inkqubo yakho yokuvelisa ukuze yandise i-etch yakho kwaye ibethelele isiqinisekiso ekuhambeni kwakho komsebenzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-17-2023